Bad Breath
Bad breath is a common condition, which usually originates in the mouth itself, and thus falls under the responsibility of the dental practitioner. In individuals with a healthy periodontium and good oral hygiene, bad breath usually comes from the posterior tongue dorsum, and can be treated by regular deep tongue cleaning. Nasal problems are an important secondary cause of bad breath, and are easy to detect by comparing the odour existing in the mouth and the nose.

Numerous other medical conditions can lead to bad breath, but are found very infrequently, as compared to the odour of oral and nasal etiologies. Contrary to popular belief, the gastrointestinal tract is rarely, if ever, responsible for chronic bad breath. Because people have trouble assessing their own oral malodour, many individuals develop greatly exaggerated concerns of suffering from bad breath ("halitophobia"), while millions of others remain ignorant of their own oral odours. In most cases, good professional oral care combined with a daily regimen of oral hygiene including inter dental cleaning, deep tongue cleaning and optional use of an efficacious mouth rinse, will lead to improvement.

Halitosis and its management are fast becoming a part of dental practice. One of the strong reasons to render this treatment service in a dental practice is the power of this concept as a marketing tool. Management of halitosis is an excellent way of attracting new patients, especially those who are not regular users of dental services.

Fear of pain is a major factor preventing people from seeking dental treatment. Since the management of halitosis is often viewed a "non dental" procedure by the public, it does not carry the psychological impact of other dental treatments. The idea of getting freedom from bad breath can be a strong motivator for the acceptance of dental treatment, particularly for periodontal disease, a major source of halitosis

Causes of Halitosis

Odour causing foods: Whatever food one consumes, affects the air exhaled and some of them like garlic and onion contribute to objectionable breath odour. After getting absorbed into the blood stream the food is transferred to the lungs, where it is expelled. The odour stops when the body eliminates it fully. Infrequent eating can also cause unpleasant breath.

Lack of Oral hygiene: If brushing and flossing is not done regularly, or if dentures are not cleaned properly, the food particles remain, collecting bacteria and causing bad breath. This appears to be due to the breakdown of proteins by a variety of bacteria. Several of the breakdown products are foul smelling gases. The posterior part of tongue is also an important source of bad breath. The postnasal drip can get stuck on the tongue, which is then broken down by bacteria on the tongue surface.
Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Saliva is necessary to cleanse the mouth and remove particles that may cause odour. Dry mouth can be the result of continuous breathing through the mouth, salivary gland problems or various medications.
Tobacco products cause bad breath, stain teeth, reduce one’s ability to taste foods and irritate gum tissues, increasing the likelihood for periodontal disease.
Periodontal Disease: Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth is one of the warning signs of periodontal disease.
Sinus and respiratory infections: If bad breath appears suddenly in a child, it can mean the onset of a throat infection, bad breath will cease with the cure of throat infections.
The Tongue, teeth and gums are common sources of oral malodour, particularly sub gingival and proximal areas. Margins, overhangs, leaky crowns, and periodontal pockets are prime sites for anaerobic bacterial activity leading to putrefaction.
Halitosis is a very prevalent problem. It may simply be embarrassment to some, but it may also be the sign of potentially serious problems in others. After a professional cleaning and checkup if the patient thinks he has constant bad breath, ask him to keep a log of the foods he eats and to make a list of medications he takes. Referral to a physician may be necessary to rule out systemic involvement.
Halitophobia or the fear of bad breath is believed to exist in about 15% people. These persons believe they have bad breath but in reality they do not have it. It can cause unnecessary psychological problems for those affected.

Advice to People with Bad breath

Brush teeth after breakfast and dinner and get a professional cleaning done.
Floss the teeth to remove the food particles from inter dental areas.
Clean the tongue by brushing or using tongue scraper.
Drink plenty of liquids.
Chew sugar free gum for a minute or two to stimulate saliva flow especially if mouth feels dry.
Rinse mouth with water every time you drink or eat especially milk products and fish or meat.
Denture wearers may soak denture in antiseptic overnight.
Use a suitable mouthwash, or even better wash frequently with water.
Eat fresh fibrous vegetables such as carrots.
References
Brit. Dent. Assoc. News release Sept 1996
J. of Periodont. Res. 27:233-238,1992
JADA 127:475-482, 1996.
4. Internet.

Dr. Gyanendra Kumar
Astt. Professor
MAIDS NEWDEL

Top 5 Reasons to Visit Lucknow

Lucknow India's finest cities, Lucknow is north India's city of high culture, where the legendary etiquettes (adab and tehzeeb) is still a way of life. Under the rule of the Nawabs of Awadh, art, culture and cuisine flowered here.
A Connoisseur of Art It is the land where Urdu language was refined, here was created the rhythms of 'tabla' and melody of 'sitar', and of Kathak, North India's most refined dance form. The extravagant pastimes of the earlier royalty such as rooster fights and kite flying still evoke passionate involvement among the locals.
A Kaleidoscope of Kebabs Titillate your taste buds with succulent Lucknawi 'majlisi' and 'galouti' kebabs. Dip into 'aflatooni korma' with a gigantic 'afgani' parantha for a perfect ending to your diet.
Portraying The Nawabi Splendors The famous land of Lucknow nestling on the banks of river Gomti is dotted with impressive monuments that bring the bygone Nawabi era back to life. Don't miss to see the exquisite Bara Imambara, housing the world's largest vaulted chamber as the central hall.
Shop A Bit of Lucknow Shopping in Lucknow is not simply the stunning variety of bargains but indulging in the Nawabi experience itself. The pleasure lies in chewing 'paan' while browsing through silver 'paan-daans' or chatting with elderly shopkeepers as you choose an attractive 'chikan' garment.

To Reach The LUCKNOW
Fly : Lucknow being the capital of north India's most visited state, Uttar Pradesh, is well linked to all major destinations of India. Indian Airlines (situated on M.G Road), Jet Airways (Park Road) and Air Sahara (Kapoothala Complex, Aliganj) flights connect Lucknow with many cities all over the country. Amausi airport is 14 km from downtown Hazratganj and is directly connected with Delhi, Patna, Kolkata, Mumbai and Varanasi.

Trains : Express and superfast trains, including the Delhi-Lucknow Shatabdi Express link Lucknow to cities all over India. The two stations Charbagh and Lucknow Junction are side by side. Charbagh handles all trains between New Delhi and Kolkata, while Lucknow Junction handles the trains heading to the cities in the south. Take a pre-paid auto rickshaw from Charbagh Railway Station from the counter located in the parking area just outside the main entry hall.

Roads : Lucknow is on important cross routes of National Highways 24/25/28. There are no yellow-top taxis. Tourist taxis (rates negotiable) are available in the city at the railway station, hotels or through travel agencies. There are plenty of auto-rickshaws in the city but most of these run on fixed route point-to-point basis. Only at the railway station or two ends of the route can you hire a rickshaw all for yourself. The best way to get around the city, however, is on a horse cart (tonga and ekka) that can crusade through narrow lanes and costs little.UP tours, travel division of UP State Tourism Development Corporation (UPSTDC), runs a sightseeing tour by air-conditioned and luxury coaches everyday. The itinerary includes all the major places of tourist interest in Lucknow city and is quite a convenient one to enjoy.

LUCKNOW - CITY OF NAWAB

LUCKNOW : A CITY OF NAWAB

Distance : 507km from Delhi, 72km from Kanpur, 220km from Allahabad Population : 22,10,000
Altitude : 123m
Temperature : Min 4oC, max 47oC

Lucknow - The Capital City of Uttar Pradesh .The Gomti River divides Lucknow, the erstwhile city of the Nawabs, into two. Formerly called Oudh, or Avadh, Lucknow is now the capital of Uttar Pradesh, the most popular state of India. It is a medieval city that continues to retain its old-world charm. Its once broad and tree-lined streets now gasp for breath, as smoke-spitting automobiles roll over them.In 1784, when the Nawab of Lucknow, Asaf-ud-Daula decided to transform Lucknow into a city of spectacular monuments, he went on a building spree. The result was a phenomenal number of monuments, and a completely depleted royal treasury

Major Attractions of The Region

Some of the best monuments in Lucknow are the Bara Imambara (Asfi Imambara) and the Chota Imambara (Husainabad Imambara), the British Residency and the Constantia, a.k.a. La Martiniere School.


The City Has Lot In Its Stores To offer Lucknow is also famous for its Mughlai cuisine, a reminder of Muslim influence on the city. A kite-flying festival held after Diwali, the festival of lights, draws thousands of competitors to the city. The city is also known for its gharanas, or schools of Indian classical music, as well as its bidri (silver inlay work) ware, jewellery, chikan (embroidered cotton) and zardozi (silver or gold thread woven into cotton or silk). The main shopping centers in Lucknow are Hazratganj, Aminabad and Chowk. An annual 10-day music, dance, and drama festival is held in Lucknow

know your teeth

Know Your Teeth
As a dentist, I have often observed that patients don’t give themselves the opportunities to maintain their teeth in a healthy state. That patient could be you.
And as parents, you are underestimating your influence on your children’s lives and their health. Teeth are for lifetime and in this series of articles on oral health we will try to tell you things which will help you maintain teeth for your family and have a bright shining smile.

The Baby teeth Myth

The teeth start coming in the mouth of the newborn from the age of six months. There can be variations and some kids have their first teeth coming even at the age of 12 months. If its later than this better get it checked by a dentist who will X ray and check for the presence of teeth.
There are twenty baby teeth and this set is complete by the age of 30 months on average. Count and see in your kid's mouth, five on each of four sides should make twenty. The maintenance should begin right from the first year by wiping your kids teeth with wet cotton before he goes to bed. From the age of three years encourage him to brush his teeth at bedtime using a pea size quantity of toothpaste.
Do Not allow Baby teeth to Be lost
Most people believe that baby or milk teeth are going to fall and they need not be taken care. Nothing could be farther from truth. These teeth are very important for your child's development and help him smile and chew well. The last milk tooth falls only by the age of about 12 years. Untimely loss of milk teeth is also one of the main causes of poor health of your child and also leads to crooked teeth in future.
At the age of six years the first permanent tooth comes in the mouth. It is called the molar. It will serve you to chew food for rest of your life. This tooth is last one at the end of milk teeth and comes without replacing any milk tooth, most people mistake it for milk tooth and neglect it. This often leads to the decay of this very important tooth and cripples chewing for rest of your life.
It is the duty of the parents to look in the mouth of their kids to see if all the teeth are in good condition and without any decay or "black spots". Children who are taught good mouth cleaning habits at early age continue
Most kids have 28 teeth in their mouth by the age of 12-14 years. Only wisdom teeth remain to come out, which is between the age of 18-25 years.
Many parents worry about the kids thumb or finger sucking habit. Use of undue force reaching almost a level of torture can afflict your child with psychological problems. Persuade the child and if the habit persists, consult your dentist. In any case most habits are not going to cause any harm if stopped before the age of about four years.
Good nutrition with calcium during early years is important for strong teeth. Once the teeth have formed calcium can not be of any help. Other things to keep in mind are to avoid too many candies, pacifiers or leaving the bottle in baby's mouth for long periods. Sweet liquids or juices are very dangerous for teeth if left in kid's mouth for long period

Dr. Gyanendra Kumar

Astt Professor

MAIDS NEWDELHI

WELCOME

HI,
i belongs to lucknow, working as a astt prof in maulana azad institute of dental sciences new delhi, i miss lucknow lots as my first 30 yrs of life spend ,here i request every body come join and share thier experiences when lives from dream place